Problem 63 Which of the following endocrine... [FREE SOLUTION] (2024)

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Chapter 1: Problem 63

Which of the following endocrine abnormalities is not commonly associated withmultiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 ? a. hyperparathyroidism b. pituitary tumours c. pancreatic islet cell tumours d. pheochromocytoma

Short Answer

Expert verified

Option (d) - pheochromocytoma

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) type 1, also known as Wermer's syndrome, is a hereditary condition characterized by the development of tumors in multiple endocrine glands.

02

Common Glands Affected by MEN Type 1

The three most commonly affected glands in MEN type 1 are the parathyroid glands, the pituitary gland, and the pancreas. This helps us identify which abnormalities are associated with MEN type 1.

03

Evaluating Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone. This is a common feature in MEN type 1, so option (a) can be associated with MEN type 1.

04

Evaluating Pituitary Tumors

Pituitary tumors are also frequently seen in MEN type 1 patients. This means option (b) is associated with MEN type 1.

05

Evaluating Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors

Pancreatic islet cell tumors occur in the pancreas and are another common manifestation in MEN type 1. Therefore, option (c) is associated with MEN type 1.

06

Evaluating Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma is a type of tumor that arises from the adrenal gland, and it is more commonly associated with MEN type 2, not MEN type 1. Therefore, option (d) is not commonly associated with MEN type 1.

07

Conclusion

Since pheochromocytoma is not commonly associated with MEN type 1, the correct answer is option (d).

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). The parathyroid glands, situated near the thyroid, regulate calcium levels in the body. Overproduction of PTH leads to elevated calcium levels in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia. Common symptoms include bone pain, kidney stones, excessive urination, and fatigue. In Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN 1), hyperparathyroidism is frequent, as tumors or hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands develop, causing increased PTH.

pituitary tumors

Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths in the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland produces hormones that influence growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions. Tumors in this gland can affect hormone production, either increasing or decreasing hormone levels. Symptoms vary based on hormone impact but may include headache, vision problems, and hormonal imbalances. In MEN 1, pituitary tumors are common and can result in conditions such as acromegaly (excess growth hormone) or Cushing's disease (excess ACTH production).

pancreatic islet cell tumors

Pancreatic islet cell tumors arise from the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas. These tumors can be functional, producing various hormones like insulin, or non-functional, not producing active hormones. Functional tumors may cause symptoms based on the hormone they secrete, such as low blood sugar in insulin-secreting tumors (insulinomas). Non-functional tumors might go unnoticed until they grow large. In MEN 1, these tumors are frequent and vary widely in their hormonal secretions, leading to diverse clinical presentations.

pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal glands, which sit atop the kidneys. These tumors produce excess catecholamines, hormones that include adrenaline. Symptoms include high blood pressure, heart palpitations, sweating, and headaches. Although pheochromocytomas are most commonly linked with MEN 2, they are notably absent in MEN 1. This distinction is crucial for differentiating between MEN types, as pheochromocytomas do not typically align with MEN 1’s profile, making their presence much more indicative of MEN 2.

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Problem 63 Which of the following endocrine... [FREE SOLUTION] (3)

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Problem 63 Which of the following endocrine... [FREE SOLUTION] (2024)

FAQs

Which of the following endocrine glands is spared? ›

The pituitary gland is not present in pairs like other glands.

Which of the following is not an endocrine? ›

The endocrine glands in the human body are hypothalamus, testes, ovary, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, pineal, parathyroid, thymus and adrenal gland. The liver does not secrete any hormone.

Which of the following does the endocrine system not control? ›

The endocrine system do not regulate gene expression nor controls the release of dominant genes. It is also not responsible for communication between sensory system but is responsible for releasing, monitoring and regulating hormones. Which of these is true for hypothalamus? (A) Controls the pituitary gland.

Which of the following endocrine glands is unpaired: a adrenal b testes c pituitary d ovar? ›

Final Answer: The pituitary gland is an unpaired gland.

Which endocrine gland is responsible for immunity? ›

The thymus gland is an important part of your immune system. It helps train the white blood cells that protect your immune system. Fortunately, most of your T-cells were produced before you were even born, and the rest were made during childhood and throughout puberty.

What are the 4 major glands of the endocrine system? ›

The female ovaries, male testes, and pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are major constituents of the endocrine system.

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland quizlet? ›

The pancreas, adrenal glands, and thyroid glands are all endocrine glands that secrete hormones like insulin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones, respectively. On the other hand, salivary glands are exocrine in nature and discharge enzymes into the digestive tract through ducts; this helps with digestion.

What are 3 examples of endocrine glands? ›

While many parts of the body make hormones, the major glands that make up the endocrine system are the:
  • hypothalamus.
  • pituitary.
  • thyroid.
  • parathyroids.
  • adrenals.
  • pineal body.
  • the ovaries.
  • the testes.

Which of the following is not a true endocrine gland? ›

It is under the regulation of hypothalamus.

Which of the following endocrine gland does not occur? ›

The pituitary gland does not occur in pairs, while the adrenal gland, testis (in male) and ovary (in female) do.

Which endocrine gland controls all? ›

Pituitary. The pituitary gland is located below the brain. Usually no larger than a pea, the gland controls many functions of the other endocrine glands.

Which is not involved in endocrine secretion? ›

So, the correct answer is 'Kupffer cells'. Was this answer helpful? Which is not involved in endocrine secretion?

Which of the following are endocrine glands? ›

The endocrine system includes the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, and pancreas. It also includes the testes in males and the ovaries and placenta (during pregnancy) in females.

Which of the following is both an endocrine organ? ›

The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ. It releases certain enzymes to aid in digestion delivered to the gut via the pancreatic duct. The endocrine pancreas also releases hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which are hormones predominantly related to glucose metabolism, into the blood stream.

Which of the following is unpaired? ›

Pituitary gland is present just below the brain and is unpaired.

What endocrine glands can you live without? ›

You can live without your pituitary gland as long as you take medication to replace the pituitary hormones that you're missing. The pituitary gland hormones are very important for maintaining several bodily functions.

Which endocrine glands are not paired? ›

The pituitary gland does not occur in pairs, while the adrenal gland, testis (in male) and ovary (in female) do.

Which gland in our body is unpaired? ›

In humans, the unpaired male reproductive structure is prostate gland. It is an unpaired gland in the male reproductive structure, that is an accessory gland. It is a glandular structure present around the neck of the urinary bladder. It secretes an alkaline fluid.

Which endocrine glands are ductless? ›

On the other hand, endocrine glands secrete their substances directly into your bloodstream. They're called ductless glands. Endocrine glands are part of your endocrine system, and they secrete hormones.

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